2. Hardware dan Diagram Blok[Kembali]
Instrumentasi / Alat
- Breadboard— Papan prototyping untuk merangkai komponen tanpa solder.
- Adaptor — Sumber daya eksternal untuk rangkaian.
Komponen / Bahan
- STM32F103C8 (Blue Pill) — Mikrokontroler berbasis ARM Cortex-M3, beroperasi pada 3.3V dengan 32 pin GPIO dan clock speed 72 MHz.
Spesifikasi:
- Microcontroller Core : ARM Cortex-M3
- Operating Voltage : 3.3V
- Input Voltage (recommended) : 5V
- Input Voltage (limit) : 2.0V – 3.6V
- Digital I/O Pins : 32 pin
- PWM Digital I/O Pins : 15 channel
- Analog Input Pins : 10 channel (ADC 12-bit)
- DC Current per I/O Pin : 25 mA
- DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 150 mA
- Flash Memory : 64 KB
- SRAM : 20 KB
- Clock Speed : 72 MHz
- Komunikasi : USART, SPI, I²C, USB, CAN
- Pemrograman : SWD, JTAG, USART Bootloader
- Buzzer — Komponen output audio sebagai alarm/peringatan.
Spesifikasi:
- Tipe : Active Buzzer (osilator internal)
- Tegangan Operasi : 3.5V – 5.5V DC
- Tegangan Rated : 5V DC
- Konsumsi Arus : < 30 mA
- Frekuensi Suara : 2300 ± 300 Hz
- Sound Pressure Level (SPL) : ≥ 85 dB (pada 10 cm)
- Operating Temperature : -20°C hingga +70°C
- Dimensi : 12mm × 9.5mm
- Sambungan : 2 pin (+ dan -)
- Resistor — Komponen pembatas arus (1k ohm).
Spesifikasi (Resistor 100 ohm, 1/4 Watt):
- Nilai Resistansi : 100 Ω (coklat-hitam-coklat)
- Toleransi : ±5% (gelang emas)
- Daya Maksimum : 0.25 Watt (1/4 W)
- Tegangan Maksimum : 250V
- Suhu Operasi : -55°C hingga +155°C
- Material : Carbon Film
- Sensor Heartbeat
Pulse Sensor Features and Specifications
- Biometric Pulse Rate or Heart Rate detecting sensor
- Plug and Play type sensor
- Operating Voltage: +5V or +3.3V
- Current Consumption: 4mA
- Inbuilt Amplification and Noise cancellation circuit.
- Diameter: 0.625”
- Thickness: 0.125” Thick
- Push Button
Spesifikasi Teknis Push Button Switch
Karakteristik Listrik
Rating Tegangan (Voltage): Menunjukkan batas maksimum tegangan yang bisa ditangani, misalnya 12V DC atau 250V AC.
Rating Arus (Current): Menunjukkan seberapa besar arus yang bisa dialirkan tanpa merusak kontak, biasanya berkisar antara 1A hingga 5A.
Tipe Kontak: Bisa NO (Normally Open), NC (Normally Closed), atau kombinasi keduanya (SPDT / Single Pole Double Throw).
Diagram Blok
3. Rangkaian Simulasi dan Prinsip Kerja[Kembali]
Prinsip kerja:
4. Flowchart dan Listing Program[Kembali]
Listing Program:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* Membaca input dari sensor heartbeat */
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(Heartbeat_Sensor_GPIO_Port, Heartbeat_Sensor_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET)
{
/* Jika BPM > 60 (diasumsikan sensor HIGH saat BPM > 60) */
// Matikan LED lain
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); // Merah
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_3_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); // Hijau
// Nyalakan LED kuning
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_2_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
// Nyalakan buzzer
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Buzzer_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}
else
{
/* Jika BPM <= 60 */
// Matikan semua LED
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_2_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_3_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
// Matikan buzzer
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Buzzer_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
HAL_Delay(100);
}
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, Resistor_3_Pin|Resistor_2_Pin|Resistor_1_Pin|Buzzer_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
/*Configure GPIO pin : Heartbeat_Sensor_Pin */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = Heartbeat_Sensor_Pin;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(Heartbeat_Sensor_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pin : Ground_Pin */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = Ground_Pin;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(Ground_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : Resistor_3_Pin Resistor_2_Pin Resistor_1_Pin Buzzer_Pin */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = Resistor_3_Pin|Resistor_2_Pin|Resistor_1_Pin|Buzzer_Pin;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
Percobaan 1 Kondisi 7
Buatlah rangkaian seperti pada gambar percobaan 1 dengan kondisi sensor heartbeat membaca BPM >60 dan LED menyala warna kuning serta buzzer berbunyi.
- Rangkaian Proteus [Download]
- Program Hex [Download]
- Datasheet STM32F103C8 [Download]
- Datasheet Heartbeat Sensor [Download]
- Datasheet Resistor [Download]
- Datasheet LED [Download]
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