main.c pada editor Wokwi.Buat logika program:
- Jika cahaya terang, servo bergerak ke sudut 0°.
- Jika cahaya gelap, servo bergerak ke sudut 90° atau 180°.
- Jika tombol ditekan, servo berpindah posisi secara manual.
2. Hardware dan Diagram Blok[Kembali]
Instrumentasi / Alat
- Breadboard— Papan prototyping untuk merangkai komponen tanpa solder.
- Adaptor — Sumber daya eksternal untuk rangkaian.
Komponen / Bahan
- STM32 NUCLEO-G474RE — Development board berbasis ARM Cortex-M4F dengan 51 GPIO pin dan clock speed hingga 170 MHz, dilengkapi ST-LINK onboard.
Spesifikasi:
- Microcontroller : STM32G474RE (ARM Cortex-M4F)
- Operating Voltage : 3.3V
- Input Voltage (recommended) : 5V via USB atau 7–12V via VIN
- Input Voltage (limit) : 4.5V – 15V
- Digital I/O Pins : ±51 GPIO
- PWM Digital I/O Pins : Hingga 24 channel (termasuk HRTIM)
- Analog Input Pins : Hingga 24 channel ADC (12-bit / 16-bit dengan oversampling)
- DC Current per I/O Pin : Maks. 20 mA (disarankan ≤ 8 mA)
- DC Current for 3.3V Pin : Hingga ±500 mA
- Flash Memory : 512 KB
- SRAM : 128 KB (termasuk CCM RAM)
- Clock Speed : Hingga 170 MHz
- Onboard Debugger : ST-LINK V3
- Komunikasi : USART, SPI, I²C, USB, CAN FD
- Sensor LDR
Spesifikasi Sensor Cahaya LDR
1. Supply : 3.3 V – 5 V (arduino available)
2. Output Type: Digital Output (0 and 1)
3. Inverse output
4. Include IC LM393 voltage comparator
5. Sensitivitasnya dapat diatur
6. Dimensi PCB size: 3.2 cm x 1.4 cm
- Motor Servo
- Push Button
Spesifikasi Teknis Push Button Switch
Karakteristik Listrik
Rating Tegangan (Voltage): Menunjukkan batas maksimum tegangan yang bisa ditangani, misalnya 12V DC atau 250V AC.
Rating Arus (Current): Menunjukkan seberapa besar arus yang bisa dialirkan tanpa merusak kontak, biasanya berkisar antara 1A hingga 5A.
Tipe Kontak: Bisa NO (Normally Open), NC (Normally Closed), atau kombinasi keduanya (SPDT / Single Pole Double Throw).
Diagram Blok
3. Rangkaian Simulasi dan Prinsip Kerja[Kembali]
Prinsip kerja:
4. Flowchart dan Listing Program[Kembali]
Listing Program:
#include "main.h"
/* ================= HANDLE ================= */
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
/* ================= VARIABLE ================= */
uint8_t posisi_servo = 0; // 0 / 90 / 180
uint8_t last_button = 1;
/* ================= THRESHOLD LUX ================= */
/*
<1000 = 0 derajat
1000-3000 = 90 derajat
>3000 = 180 derajat
*/
#define LUX_LOW 1000
#define LUX_HIGH 3000
/* ================= CLOCK ================= */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct);
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType =
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |
RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0);
}
/* ================= GPIO ================= */
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* LDR PA0 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* BUTTON PB1 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* SERVO PA6 TIM3_CH1 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF1_TIM3;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
/* ================= ADC ================= */
void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_ADC_CLK_ENABLE();
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1);
}
/* ================= PWM SERVO ================= */
void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{
__HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();
htim3.Instance = TIM3;
/* 1 us tick jika clock 48MHz */
htim3.Init.Prescaler = 48 - 1;
htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim3.Init.Period = 20000 - 1; // 20 ms
HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim3);
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 1500;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim3, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}
/* ================= SERVO CONTROL ================= */
void set_servo(uint8_t angle)
{
if(angle == 0)
{
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 500);
}
else if(angle == 90)
{
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 1500);
}
else if(angle == 180)
{
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 2500);
}
}
/* ================= ADC READ ================= */
uint16_t read_adc(void)
{
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig);
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
return HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
}
/* ================= ADC TO LUX ================= */
/* estimasi untuk Wokwi */
uint16_t read_lux(void)
{
uint16_t adc = read_adc();
return (adc * 10000) / 4095;
}
/* ================= MAIN ================= */
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
MX_TIM3_Init();
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
set_servo(0);
while (1)
{
/* ================= BUTTON ================= */
uint8_t button = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
if(last_button == 1 && button == 0)
{
/* tekan tombol = pindah sudut */
if(posisi_servo == 0)
posisi_servo = 90;
else if(posisi_servo == 90)
posisi_servo = 180;
else
posisi_servo = 0;
set_servo(posisi_servo);
HAL_Delay(250); // debounce
}
last_button = button;
/* ================= AUTO BY LUX ================= */
uint16_t lux = read_lux();
if(lux < LUX_LOW)
{
posisi_servo = 0;
}
else if(lux <= LUX_HIGH)
{
posisi_servo = 90;
}
else
{
posisi_servo = 180;
}
set_servo(posisi_servo);
HAL_Delay(100);
}
}
- Rangkaian Wokwi [Download]
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